Question 1

Which of the following best describes a synarthrosis joint, and provides a common example?

Accepted Answer

An immovable joint; example: sutures of the skull

Question 2

Osteoarthritis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and degeneration of bone ends in joints

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a main component of a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 4

What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a joint?

Accepted Answer

To lubricate the joint and reduce friction

Question 5

Which type of synovial joint allows movement in all axes and is exemplified by the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 6

A patient presents with pain and swelling in the knee after twisting it during sports. Imaging shows no bone fracture, but the ligaments are stretched. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sprain

Question 7

Which of the following factors would most likely DECREASE the stability of a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Loose ligaments

Question 8

Which movement term describes decreasing the angle between the forearm and upper arm at the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Question 9

Which of the following is a common joint of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral joint

Question 10

A strain is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A tear or stretch of a muscle or tendon

Question 11

Which accessory structure of a synovial joint acts as a cushion and reduces friction between bones and tendons?

Accepted Answer

Bursa

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between joint stability ($$S$$), ligament strength ($$L$$), and muscle tone ($$M$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$S = L 	imes M$$

Question 13

Which type of synovial joint is found at the elbow and allows movement primarily in one plane?

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint

Question 14

Which of the following movements is provided by the wrist joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Question 15

Which joint type is characterized by bones connected by fibrocartilage and allows slight movement, such as the pubic symphysis?

Accepted Answer

Cartilaginous joint

Question 16

Which of the following is a common joint of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Hip joint

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ligaments in a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Connect bone to bone and stabilize the joint

Question 18

A patient with osteoarthritis is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Pain and stiffness due to degeneration of articular cartilage

Question 19

Which of the following movements is NOT typically provided by the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 20

Which equation best describes the range of motion ($$R) of a $$synovial joint as a function of joint shape ($$J$$), ligament flexibility ($$F$$), and muscle strength ($$M$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = J 	imes F 	imes M$$

Articulations and Joints: Structure, Function, and Pathology

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