Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 3

Which rule states that atoms are most stable when their outer shell contains 8 electrons?

Accepted Answer

Octet Rule

Question 4

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$loses one electron to become $$Na^+. $$What type of ion is this?

Accepted Answer

Cation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Question 6

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis as shown in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 12H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6H_2O + 6O_2$$

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 8

Which type of chemical reaction involves the breaking and forming of new bonds, such as $$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$?

Accepted Answer

Exchange reaction

Question 9

What is the main function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Lower activation energy

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the pH by neutralizing acids and bases

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

Low surface tension

Question 13

A molecule with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Immediate energy source

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water into ions?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true about saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral

Question 18

Which type of energy is stored in the bonds of molecules and released during chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water molecules can form hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charge

Atoms, Chemical Bonds, and Biochemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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