Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms bonded together, which can be of the same element, while a compound consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 3

Given an atom with atomic number 8 and atomic mass 16, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$16 - 8 = 8$$ neutrons

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the attraction between water molecules, leading to properties such as surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 5

A buffer solution in the blood helps maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases. If a strong acid is added to blood, what will the buffer do?

Accepted Answer

It will resist changes in pH by binding excess $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 7

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, so its positive and negative ends attract and surround ions, separating them.

Question 9

Which statement about valence electrons in carbon is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has 4 valence electrons and can form up to 4 covalent bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Joining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing water

Question 11

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 5, how does the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by 100 times.

Question 12

Which of the following is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 13

Which property of water allows it to moderate temperature changes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 14

Which type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 15

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 16

A molecule has the formula $$C_3H_8. $$What is its name according to hydrocarbon nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Propane

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They create a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$NaCl)$$

Question 19

Which property of water is most important for transporting nutrients and waste in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Excellent solvent properties

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules further apart in the solid state.

Atoms, Chemical Bonds, Water Properties, and Organic Molecules: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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