$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which subatomic particle is primarily responsible for determining the chemical properties of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 2

A radioactive isotope of iodine is used to image the thyroid gland. What property of this isotope makes it useful for medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

It emits radiation due to an unstable nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons

Question 4

If an atom has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$16 - 8 = 8$$ neutrons

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 6

Water has a high specific heat. What does this mean in terms of its role in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water resists changes in temperature, helping maintain homeostasis

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is amphipathic and crucial for forming biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic

Question 9

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 10

What is the main difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing

Question 11

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 12

A molecule has a double bond between two carbon atoms. How many pairs of electrons are shared in this bond?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ pairs of electrons

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why sweating helps cool the body?

Accepted Answer

Sweat absorbs heat as it evaporates due to water's high heat of vaporization

Question 14

Which of the following is true about ions?

Accepted Answer

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons

Question 15

If a solution has a pH of 8, which of the following best describes it?

Accepted Answer

It is basic (alkaline)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hydrophilic molecule?

Accepted Answer

It dissolves easily in water

Question 17

What is the formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 18

Which electrons in an atom have the greatest energy?

Accepted Answer

Electrons in the outermost shell

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 20

What is the normal pH range for human blood?

Accepted Answer

$$7.35 - 7.45$$

Atoms, Elements, and Water: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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