$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy} \longrightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the same element.

Question 2

Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons

Question 3

What does the atomic number of an element indicate?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for potassium?

Accepted Answer

K

Question 5

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for holding water molecules together in liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 6

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na⁺. What type of ion is Na⁺?

Accepted Answer

Cation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 8

Glucose has the molecular formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}. $$How many atoms are present in one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$6 + 12 + 6 = 24$$ atoms

Question 9

In living cells, glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$split into two three-carbon molecules. What type of chemical reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important to the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is a poor solvent for ionic compounds

Question 11

Which of the following best defines a solution?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$})$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best example of a polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 15

Which portion of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the reversible reaction for the conversion of ADP to ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} \longrightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions

Question 20

Which of the following is the most important monosaccharide in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Atoms, Molecules, and Biochemistry: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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