Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 2

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct pairing of effector organ response and autonomic branch?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles dilate — Sympathetic

Question 4

The adrenal medulla releases which neurotransmitter(s) into the bloodstream during sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the anatomical origin of sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Question 6

A drug blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Which physiological effect would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased parasympathetic activity

Question 7

Which equation best represents the dynamic balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$Homeostasis = Sympathetic\ Activity + Parasympathetic\ Activity$$

Question 8

Which effector organ response is mediated by $$\$$beta_2$$ adrenergic receptors during sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles dilate

Question 9

A patient with damage to the vagal nerve would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and reduced digestive activity

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the neuroeffector junction is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the synapse between an efferent neuron and its target effector

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is released by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 12

During the 'fight-or-flight' response, which physiological change is least likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles constrict

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the integration centers for autonomic responses?

Accepted Answer

They are located in the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 14

A patient is given a drug that stimulates $$\$$alpha_1$$ adrenergic receptors. Which effect would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the antagonistic control of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

One branch excites while the other inhibits the same organ

Question 16

Which effector organ response is correctly matched with its parasympathetic effect?

Accepted Answer

Urinary bladder: Release of urine

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles dilate

Question 18

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal medulla would most likely have elevated levels of which hormone(s)?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the sympathetic nervous system can produce widespread effects throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Release of epinephrine into the bloodstream by the adrenal medulla

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between neurotransmitter release and receptor activation in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$Response = Neurotransmitter\ Concentration 	imes Receptor\ Sensitivity$$

Autonomic Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Neurotransmitters

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