Q: Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop involved in the baroreflex for blood pressure regulation?

$$\text{High blood pressure} \rightarrow \text{Baroreceptor activation} \rightarrow \text{Afferent signal to medulla} \rightarrow \text{Efferent signal via vagus nerve} \rightarrow \text{Heart rate decreases} \rightarrow \text{Blood pressure decreases}$$

Question 1

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for conserving energy and promoting maintenance functions during periods of rest?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division

Question 2

A patient experiences increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and dry mouth during a stressful event. Which neurotransmitter is most likely released by the postganglionic neurons in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 4

During vigorous exercise, which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated, and what is its effect on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division; increases blood glucose

Question 5

Which anatomical feature distinguishes the sympathetic division from the parasympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers

Question 6

A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal reflex

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

All visceral organs are served by both divisions, causing opposite effects

Question 9

Which of the following is a cooperative effect of dual innervation?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic neurons stimulate mucus secretion and parasympathetic neurons stimulate enzyme secretion in saliva

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a visceral reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → effector

Question 11

Which of the following is a common symptom of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Sluggish eye pupil reactions

Question 12

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop involved in the baroreflex for blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{High blood pressure} ightarrow 	ext{Baroreceptor activation} ightarrow 	ext{Afferent signal to medulla} ightarrow 	ext{Efferent signal via vagus nerve} ightarrow 	ext{Heart rate decreases} ightarrow 	ext{Blood pressure decreases}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the effectors of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system effectors are skeletal muscles; autonomic nervous system effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 14

Which of the following disorders is characterized by painful, exaggerated vasoconstriction in fingers and toes?

Accepted Answer

Raynaud’s disease

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 16

Which brain region is the main integrative center for autonomic nervous system activity?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the neural pathway of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Two neurons: preganglionic and postganglionic, synapsing in an autonomic ganglion

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely effect of an overactive sympathetic vasoconstrictor response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the actions of neurotransmitters in the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor neurons release ACh, effect is always excitatory

E2 Lecture 7: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard