Question 1

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture to the bone that forms the base of the cranium and contains the sella turcica. Which bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Sphenoid bone

Question 3

Which structure allows passage of the spinal cord from the brain to the vertebral canal?

Accepted Answer

Foramen magnum

Question 4

Which of the following is a paired facial bone?

Accepted Answer

Nasal bone

Question 5

A patient presents with hearing loss due to damage of the auditory ossicles. Which bones are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 6

Which vertebra is known as the 'atlas' and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

C1; supports the skull and allows nodding

Question 7

Which part of the vertebra forms the canal through which the spinal cord passes?

Accepted Answer

Vertebral foramen

Question 8

A rib is described as 'floating.' What does this mean anatomically?

Accepted Answer

It is not attached to the sternum or to another rib by costal cartilage.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the spinous process of a vertebra?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Question 10

A patient has a herniated disc between L4 and L5. Which region of the vertebral column is affected?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar

Question 11

Which equation best represents the total number of vertebrae in the human vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

$$7 + 12 + 5 = 24$$

Question 12

Which bone is NOT part of the cranium?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Question 13

Which anatomical feature is found on the sphenoid bone and houses the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Sella turcica

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the articulation of ribs?

Accepted Answer

Tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Supports the skull and transmits weight to the lower limbs

Question 16

A patient has difficulty nodding their head 'yes.' Which vertebra is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

C1 (atlas)

Question 17

Which of the following bones contains the cribriform plate, which allows passage of olfactory nerves?

Accepted Answer

Ethmoid bone

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the number of pairs of ribs that articulate directly with the sternum?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a major difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the outer layer of bones and provides strength.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the hyoid bone?

Accepted Answer

It supports the tongue and is an attachment site for muscles of swallowing.

Axial Skeleton: Structure and Organization

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