Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction.

Question 2

Which of the following elements forms the bulk of body matter?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 3

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. What is its atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 11, Atomic mass: 23

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes a compound from a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A compound has components chemically bonded in fixed ratios, while a mixture has physically combined components in variable ratios.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which one substance loses electrons and another gains electrons

Question 9

Why are many chemical reactions in the human body considered irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Because the products are removed or used up, preventing the reverse reaction

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the importance of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water acts as a solvent, helps regulate temperature, and is involved in chemical reactions such as hydrolysis.

Question 11

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic, with a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for building large organic molecules from smaller subunits, and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

To provide an easily used energy source

Question 14

Which class of lipids is the main component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the four levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 16

Enzymes are important in biological systems because they:

Accepted Answer

Lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 18

What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 19

Why is ATP referred to as the 'universal energy currency' of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Because it provides a readily available form of energy for most cellular processes

Question 20

A patient is given an intravenous solution of glucose. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution, because glucose is evenly dissolved in water at the molecular level

Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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