Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, while potential energy is stored in chemical bonds.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + energy$$

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to moderate temperature changes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of a buffer system in the body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system resists changes in pH by binding or releasing $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of electrons in the formation of covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared between atoms.

Question 9

A patient is given a saline IV solution. Which property of water allows the salt to dissolve in the solution?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is made of two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic (synthesis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 12

Which of the following factors would increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Adding an enzyme

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for chemical reactions.

Question 14

A solution is described as hypertonic to a cell. What will happen to the cell when placed in this solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex structures.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system: $$H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a colloid and a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have particles that do not settle out, while suspensions have particles that settle out over time.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can surround charged ions, separating them.

Question 19

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acids, bases, and the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase $$[H^+]$$ and bases decrease $$[H^+].$$

Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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