Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as energy in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which element is most likely deficient, and what is its primary role?

Accepted Answer

Potassium; it is necessary for conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contraction.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water is an inorganic compound with high heat capacity, solvent properties, and is vital for cushioning organs.

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the surface tension of water and the stabilization of protein structures?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. How does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 100 times higher.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

Their polar head is hydrophilic and interacts with water, while their nonpolar tails are hydrophobic and avoid water.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Joining amino acids to form a protein by removing a water molecule.

Question 8

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

They are experiencing acidosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of ATP in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for transport, mechanical, and chemical work.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid due to closely packed molecules, while unsaturated fats are liquid due to kinks in their fatty acid chains.

Question 12

Which of the following elements is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Iodine (I)

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 14

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of acids in aqueous solutions?

Accepted Answer

They release hydrogen ions (H\*) and are proton donors.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers regulate pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of hydrolysis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules by adding water.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It forms the basis for all steroid hormones.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

Each change of 1 pH unit represents a 10-fold change in H\* concentration.

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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