$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution in liters}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in ATP molecules before contraction, and kinetic energy is the energy released as muscles contract and move.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope for cancer treatment. Which property of isotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive isotopes emit energy as they decay, which can destroy cancerous tissue.

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding the atomic structure of sodium (Na)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium has an atomic number of 11, meaning it has 11 protons in its nucleus.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of molarity ($$M) $$for a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{volume of solution in liters}}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why noble gases such as helium (He) are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their outermost electron shell is completely filled, making them stable.

Question 6

A solution contains 180.12 grams of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter. What is the molarity of this solution?

Accepted Answer

1 M

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ionic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons, creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 8

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by the following equation: $$A + B \rightarrow AB$$?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis (combination) reaction

Question 9

In the human body, which element is most abundant by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large solute particles that do not settle out, often appearing cloudy or milky.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom in another molecule.

Question 12

A blood sample is left in a test tube and the cells settle to the bottom over time. This is an example of which type of mixture?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the rule of eights (octet rule) in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their valence shell.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in a molecule with partial positive and negative charges.

Question 15

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration of reactants

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions without being chemically changed.

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents Avogadro’s number?

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct comparison between mixtures and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require breaking chemical bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following reactions is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration, releasing energy

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 2 Study Notes

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