Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is given a radioactive isotope for diagnostic imaging. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit energy as they decay, which can be detected by scanners.

Question 3

Which of the following elements is the major positive ion inside cells?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K)

Question 4

What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds are always homogeneous, while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

A water molecule (H$$_2O) is $$described as a dipole because:

Accepted Answer

It has a slightly negative oxygen end and a slightly positive hydrogen end due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

They have a full complement of electrons in their valence shell, satisfying the octet rule.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct representation of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 9

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 grams of salt in 90 grams of water. What is the percent concentration of salt in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the high surface tension of water.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy and results in products with less potential energy than reactants.

Question 12

If an atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 14

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of colloids (emulsions) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Particles are large enough to scatter light, giving a cloudy appearance, but do not settle out.

Question 14

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the concentration of reactants.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar due to its linear and symmetrical shape?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide (CO$$_2)$$

Question 17

A patient’s blood sample is left to stand in a test tube. After some time, the blood cells settle at the bottom. This is an example of which type of mixture?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding isotopes of an element?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the atoms.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for methane?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_4$$

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations for Physiological Reactions

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