Question 1

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform such a wide variety of functions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of amino acids with variable side groups, resulting in diverse three-dimensional shapes.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by the mutation causing this disease?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of the dehydration reaction involved in forming a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to join two monosaccharides together.

Question 4

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 5

A vegetarian is concerned about getting all essential amino acids. Which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Most plant proteins lack one or more essential amino acids, so vegetarians must eat a variety of plant foods.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Structural support for cell walls

Question 7

A patient has high LDL and low HDL levels. What is the most likely health risk associated with this lipid profile?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of atherosclerotic plaques and heart disease

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose forms cable-like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 10

Which formula correctly represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n}\mathrm{O}_n ($$where n is typically 3-7)

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine–Guanine

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why grazing animals can survive on a diet of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

They have prokaryotes in their digestive tracts that break down cellulose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are structural components of cell membranes.

Question 15

A protein is exposed to high temperature and extreme pH. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its functional shape.

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Storing excess sugar for energy

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It describes the association of two or more tertiary protein chains.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the dehydration synthesis of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{22}\mathrm{O}_{11} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Biological Macromolecules: Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

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