Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 2

Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest lactose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what type of reaction is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; hydrolysis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 6

A single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein leads to sickle cell disease. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzyme function is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed faster.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the nucleic acid with its sugar component?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose

Question 10

A scientist is analyzing a sample and finds it contains uracil, ribose, and is single-stranded. Which molecule is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that only fits specific substrates.

Question 12

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animals and serves as a storage form of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 13

During protein denaturation, which structural level is most likely to remain intact?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is a storage polysaccharide in plants, while cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants.

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 16

A patient has a fever of 41°C (105.8°F). Which of the following is a likely effect on their enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes may denature, losing their functional shape.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

A chain of alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 18

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist of a glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Question 19

Which of the following base-pairing rules is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, G pairs with C

Question 20

A mutation changes the sequence of bases in a gene. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by this change?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates and Their Biological Importance

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