Question 1

Which of the following best describes hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of red blood cells in total blood volume

Question 2

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

All blood cells originate from a common stem cell in the bone marrow. What is the scientific name for this cell?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell

Question 4

Which hormone regulates erythropoiesis, and what organ is primarily responsible for its production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; kidney

Question 5

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal a low hematocrit and low hemoglobin concentration. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 6

Which of the following is a granular leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 7

Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 8

Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are found in a single red blood cell (RBC)?

Accepted Answer

$$2.8 	imes 10^8$

Question 9

Which element is essential for the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 10

A patient with blood type A receives type B blood. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

The patient's immune system will attack the transfused RBCs, causing agglutination

Question 11

Which molecule is responsible for inhibiting platelet aggregation and thus helps prevent unnecessary clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Prostacyclin

Question 12

What triggers platelets to stick to an injured blood vessel wall?

Accepted Answer

Exposure of collagen fibers in the vessel wall

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of fibrin in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It forms a mesh that stabilizes the platelet plug

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic pathway is slower and initiated by damage to the endothelium, while the extrinsic pathway is faster and initiated by tissue factor from damaged tissues

Question 15

A patient with a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII will have a defect in which pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic pathway

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 17

A patient with a low platelet count is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding and poor clot formation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why iron deficiency leads to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which is necessary for oxygen transport

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of collagen in the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Collagen exposure triggers platelet adhesion at the site of vessel injury

Question 20

A patient with type O blood is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, so recipient antibodies do not react with donor RBCs

Blood and Hematology: Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

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