Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in erythrocytes?

$$O_2$$\ capacity = (\text{Number of hemoglobin molecules}) \times 4$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient with blood type B- can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 3

Which protein is most abundant in erythrocytes and is responsible for oxygen transport? What is the maximum number of oxygen molecules that can bind to one molecule of this protein?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin; 4 oxygen molecules

Question 4

A woman with Rh- blood is pregnant with her second child. The father is Rh+. If the first child was Rh+, what is the risk for the second pregnancy if the mother did not receive RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

The mother's antibodies may attack the fetus's red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown and removal of a blood clot by enzymatic digestion of fibrin

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 7

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential is ordered for a patient. What additional information does the differential provide compared to a standard CBC?

Accepted Answer

It measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes have a biconcave shape?

Accepted Answer

It increases the surface area for gas exchange and allows flexibility to pass through capillaries

Question 9

Which of the following statements about plasma is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume and is mostly water

Question 10

Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in the blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 11

A patient with type AB+ blood is considered a universal recipient for blood transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

They have no anti-A, anti-B, or anti-Rh antibodies in their plasma

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$\ capacity = (	ext{Number of hemoglobin molecules}) 	imes 4$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They initiate the clotting process by forming a temporary plug at the site of vessel injury

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 15

A patient with type O- blood needs a transfusion. Which blood types can safely donate to this patient?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin bound to oxygen; deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin not bound to oxygen

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person with type A blood cannot receive type B blood?

Accepted Answer

Type A blood contains anti-B antibodies that will attack type B antigens

Question 19

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 20

During the life cycle of an erythrocyte, what happens to the iron from hemoglobin after the cell is destroyed?

Accepted Answer

It is recycled and transported to the bone marrow for reuse

Blood and Hematology: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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