Question 1

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells (RBCs) lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It allows more room for hemoglobin, maximizing oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.

Question 2

A patient with liver disease is likely to experience which of the following blood-related issues, and why?

Accepted Answer

Edema, because the liver produces plasma proteins that maintain osmotic pressure.

Question 3

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions, and why?

Accepted Answer

O-, because it lacks both A and B antigens and has no Rh antigen.

Question 4

A person with blood type AB+ can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

All blood types (A, B, AB, O; positive or negative Rh)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintains osmotic pressure and transports substances such as hormones.

Question 6

A patient is found to have a hematocrit of 25%. What does this indicate about their blood?

Accepted Answer

They have a lower than normal percentage of red blood cells, possibly indicating anemia.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis after a blood vessel is damaged?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 8

Which white blood cell type is most abundant in the blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytosing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 9

A person with type A- blood can safely receive which of the following blood types?

Accepted Answer

A- and O-

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to hemoglobin with a much higher affinity than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Recognize self vs. non-self and produce antibodies.

Question 12

If a person has anti-B antibodies in their plasma, which blood type(s) could they safely receive?

Accepted Answer

Type A or O

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels.

Question 14

A patient with a blood pH of 7.1 is experiencing which condition, and what is the normal blood pH range?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; normal blood pH is about $$7.35-7.45$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Their RBCs lack both A and B antigens, so they do not trigger an immune response in recipients.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the viscosity of blood?

Accepted Answer

Blood is about $$4.5-5.5$$ times thicker than water.

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming blood clots due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They form plugs to stop bleeding by adhering to damaged blood vessel walls.

Question 19

A person with type B+ blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

B+, B-, O+, O-

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the temperature of blood?

Accepted Answer

Blood is warmer than the rest of the body, at about $$38^{\circ}C$ (100.4$$^{\circ}$$F).$$

Blood and the Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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