Question 1

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 30%. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this finding?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues

Question 2

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining plasma osmolarity and is present in the highest concentration?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 3

A 75-kg person has approximately what volume of blood in liters? Use the formula $$	ext{Blood Volume} = 0.07 	imes 	ext{Body Weight (kg)}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$5.25$$ liters

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of fibrinogen in blood?

Accepted Answer

Soluble protein that is converted to fibrin during clotting

Question 5

A blood sample is fractionated. Which of the following components will be found in the plasma portion?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved proteins and water

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding mature red blood cells (RBCs)?

Accepted Answer

They are anucleate and lack mitochondria

Question 7

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely deficient in which nutrient required for erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 8

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules

Question 9

During hemoglobin recycling, which of the following is excreted in bile and can cause jaundice if it accumulates?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 10

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Any ABO blood type

Question 11

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 12

Which class of lymphocytes is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Question 13

A patient with leukocytosis is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

High white blood cell count

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of platelets during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Temporarily patching damaged vessel walls

Question 16

During the coagulation phase of hemostasis, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin

Question 17

A patient is found to have deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following is most likely to be elevated in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin

Question 18

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of four clotting factors and whose deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 19

Which pathway in the coagulation cascade is initiated by tissue factor released from damaged endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 20

After a blood clot forms, which process gradually dissolves the clot by digesting fibrin strands?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinolysis

Blood: Components, Functions, and Cellular Elements – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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