$$\frac{\text{Volume of packed RBCs}}{\text{Volume of whole blood}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 3

What is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{Volume of packed RBCs}}{	ext{Volume of whole blood}} 	imes 100$$

Question 4

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 5

A patient has a blood sodium concentration of 0.9%. What is the equivalent salt concentration in their plasma?

Accepted Answer

0.9% NaCl

Question 6

Which structural feature of erythrocytes allows them to efficiently transport gases and pass through small capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Biconcave disc shape

Question 7

Hemoglobin consists of four protein chains and four heme groups. What is the role of the heme group?

Accepted Answer

Binding oxygen for transport

Question 8

Which form of hemoglobin is present when oxygen is bound to the iron in the heme group?

Accepted Answer

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 9

A patient with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which donor type?

Accepted Answer

Any ABO blood type

Question 10

Which process describes the clumping reaction that occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination

Question 11

A mother is Rh-negative and her fetus is Rh-positive. What condition may develop if the mother produces antibodies against fetal RBCs?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Question 12

Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for releasing histamine and heparin during an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 13

Which cell type is the precursor to platelets in the process of thrombocytopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocyte

Question 14

Which phase of hemostasis involves the formation of a temporary platelet plug at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Platelet phase

Question 15

Which pathway(s) activate Factor X in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Question 16

A patient presents with abnormally low platelet count. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of regulatory proteins found in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Transport of hormones and enzymes

Question 18

Which leukocyte is most abundant in blood and is the first to respond to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 19

Which process describes the movement of white blood cells out of the bloodstream and into tissues?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 20

A patient’s blood sample shows a hematocrit of 40%. If the total volume of whole blood is 5 L, what is the volume of packed RBCs?

Accepted Answer

$$2.0\ 	ext{L}$$

Blood: Composition, Functions, and Cellular Elements – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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