$$\text{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Prothrombin Activator}} \text{Thrombin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary transport function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones in target organs

Question 2

Blood helps maintain normal pH in the body by using buffers. Which buffer system is most important for this function?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline reserve of bicarbonate

Question 3

A centrifuged tube of blood yields three layers. What is the correct order from bottom to top?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes, Buffy coat, Plasma

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

Percent of blood volume that is red blood cells

Question 5

If a male patient has a hematocrit of 52%, is this within the normal range?

Accepted Answer

Yes, it is within the normal range

Question 6

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 7

A patient with chronic hemorrhagic anemia is most likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue and pallor

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Prothrombin Activator}} 	ext{Thrombin}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave discs and lack organelles

Question 10

A patient with sickle-cell anemia is likely to experience which of the following complications during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of small blood vessels due to misshaped RBCs

Question 11

Which hormone stimulates the formation of red blood cells and is released in response to hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive artificial EPO use by athletes?

Accepted Answer

Blood viscosity increases, risking clotting and stroke

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the stages of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Myeloid stem cell → Proerythroblast → Basophilic erythroblast → Polychromatic erythroblast → Reticulocyte → Mature erythrocyte

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Form temporary plugs to seal breaks in blood vessels

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrin in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrin forms a mesh that traps blood cells and stabilizes the clot

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{Thrombin}} 	ext{Fibrin}$$

Question 17

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding

Question 18

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Type O

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Rh factor in blood typing?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Rh antibodies form in Rh- individuals only after exposure to Rh+ blood

Blood: Internal Transport System and Composition

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