$$760\,mmHg \times 133.3\,Pa/mmHg = 101,308\,Pa$$

Question 1

Which formula correctly relates cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 2

A patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 mL and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 50 mL. What is the stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV = 120\,mL - 50\,mL = 70\,mL$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the cardiovascular system must be a closed loop, as demonstrated by William Harvey?

Accepted Answer

The volume of blood pumped by the heart matches the total blood volume, requiring circulation in a closed system.

Question 4

If the radius of a blood vessel doubles, how does the resistance to flow change according to Poiseuille’s law?

Accepted Answer

Resistance decreases by a factor of 16.

Question 5

Convert a pressure of 760 mmHg to Pascals (Pa).

Accepted Answer

$$760\,mmHg 	imes 133.3\,Pa/mmHg = 101,308\,Pa$$

Question 6

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 7

A patient’s hematocrit is measured at 45%. What does this value represent?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct unit for blood viscosity in SI units?

Accepted Answer

$$Pa \cdot s$$

Question 9

Which pathway is activated when collagen is exposed during vessel injury, initiating coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic pathway

Question 10

A tube has a resistance of $$76394\,Pa \cdot s / m^3$. Convert this resistance to $$mmHg \cdot s / $$m^3$$ using $$1\,mmHg = 133.3\,Pa.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{76394\,Pa \cdot s}{133.3\,Pa} = 573.1\,mmHg \cdot s / m^3$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They adhere to exposed collagen and release factors that initiate clot formation.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Question 13

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has abnormally shaped erythrocytes. What is the primary consequence of this abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen transport capacity

Question 14

Which equation correctly expresses the relationship between pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), flow ($$Q$$), and resistance ($$R) in a $$vessel?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of transferrin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Transporting iron

Question 16

Which process describes the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoiesis

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fibrin polymers during fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin

Question 18

A patient’s blood sample shows a low hemoglobin concentration. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen transport to tissues

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bone marrow is correct?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow is active and contains hemoglobin.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the conversion of heme groups after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

Heme groups are converted to bilirubin, which is excreted as bile.

Blood Physiology, Hemodynamics, and Hemostasis: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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