$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 2

A patient with liver failure is found to have severe edema. Which plasma component is most likely deficient, leading to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of clotting proteins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Stop blood loss from damaged vessels

Question 4

During a blood transfusion, a patient with type A blood receives type B blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of erythrocytes due to anti-B antibodies

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Delivering oxygen to tissues

Question 6

If a blood sample is centrifuged, which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 7

A patient is found to have a deficiency in transport proteins. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of hydrophobic compounds through the blood

Question 8

Which plasma component is most directly involved in acid-base homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Ions

Question 9

A patient with sickle cell disease has abnormal erythrocytes. Which function of blood is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 11

Which step of hemostasis involves the formation of a temporary plug by platelets?

Accepted Answer

Platelet plug formation

Question 12

A patient with a genetic deficiency in clotting proteins is most likely to suffer from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 13

Which plasma component is primarily responsible for transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved gases

Question 14

A patient with type AB- blood can safely receive blood from which donor type?

Accepted Answer

A-

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of immune proteins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Produced by leukocytes; function in immunity

Question 16

If a blood sample contains anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies, which blood type is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Type B-

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Activation of clotting factors → formation of fibrin mesh → stabilization of clot

Question 18

Which plasma component is most important for delivering nutrients used in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose, amino acids

Question 19

A patient with chronic kidney disease has difficulty excreting metabolic wastes. Which plasma component is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Wastes

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are the most common cell type in blood?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for oxygen transport and are produced in large quantities by bone marrow

Blood: Structure, Composition, and Function (Chapter 19 Study Notes)

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