Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains blood's colloid osmotic pressure, drawing water into the blood by osmosis.

Question 2

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, which can depress the central nervous system.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for erythrocyte destruction in the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes are trapped, hemoglobin is broken down, heme is converted to bilirubin, and bilirubin is sent to the liver.

Question 4

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely to have a deficiency in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible reaction for oxygen binding to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + 4\mathrm{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Hb(O}_2)_4$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes have a biconcave shape?

Accepted Answer

It increases the surface area for gas exchange.

Question 7

A patient is found to have a high reticulocyte count. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient is compensating for blood loss or anemia by increasing red blood cell production.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Sealing damaged blood vessels to prevent blood loss

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

EPO triggers the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into erythrocytes.

Question 10

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has a mutation affecting which component of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

The beta chains of hemoglobin

Question 11

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for phagocytosing bacteria and releasing granules into damaged tissue?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They produce antibodies that bind to and remove antigens from tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of layers when a blood sample is spun rapidly in a centrifuge?

Accepted Answer

Plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the effect of decreased hematocrit on oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the number of erythrocytes, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the transport of carbon dioxide in blood?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$ binds to the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin.

Question 16

A patient with iron-deficiency anemia is unable to synthesize functional hemoglobin. Which equation best represents the missing step?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+} + 	ext{protoporphyrin IX} ightarrow 	ext{heme}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in erythrocyte metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It carries iron ions in the blood to the bone marrow for hemoglobin synthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of blood that helps maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood transports nutrients and wastes, regulates pH, and stabilizes body temperature.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They directly destroy abnormal body cells, such as cancer cells or virally infected cells.

Blood: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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