$$Hct = \frac{PCV}{TBV} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumins in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

They are major contributors to plasma osmolarity and help regulate water movement.

Question 2

A patient with a hematocrit of 30% is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates the blood volume for a 70 kg adult, given that blood volume is approximately 7% of body weight?

Accepted Answer

$$BV = 0.07 	imes 70$$

Question 4

Which plasma protein is converted to fibrin during the coagulation phase of blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 5

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Any ABO blood type

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells (RBCs) have a biconcave disc shape?

Accepted Answer

It allows for a larger surface-area-to-volume ratio, enhancing gas exchange.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the production of all formed elements in blood?

Accepted Answer

Hemopoiesis

Question 8

A patient presents with jaundice. Which of the following is the most likely cause based on blood physiology?

Accepted Answer

Buildup of bilirubin due to impaired liver function

Question 9

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin consists of four globular protein subunits, each with one heme group.

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys and liver in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 11

A transfusion reaction occurs when a recipient receives incompatible blood. What is the primary immune response involved?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of donor RBCs by recipient antibodies

Question 12

Which of the following white blood cell types is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes (specifically B cells)

Question 13

Which equation best represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given packed cell volume ($$PCV) $$and total blood volume ($$TBV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{PCV}{TBV} 	imes 100$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of platelets in the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the coagulation cascade by forming a platelet plug

Question 15

A patient with type O negative blood is considered a universal donor. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh surface antigens, minimizing immune reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in iron metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the bloodstream to developing RBCs.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the coagulation phase of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Platelet plug formation → activation of Factor X → conversion of prothrombin to thrombin → conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a deficiency in vitamin B$$_{12}$$ leads to pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B$$_{12} is $$necessary for erythropoiesis and RBC maturation.

Question 19

Which of the following white blood cell types releases histamine and heparin to promote inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of colony stimulating factors (CSFs). Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired production of white blood cells

Blood: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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