$$\frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of erythrocytes in human blood?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 30%. Which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

The patient has a higher than normal percentage of plasma.

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person living at high altitude develops polycythemia. What is the physiological reason for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen levels stimulate erythropoietin release, increasing RBC production.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes (hematocrit)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a consequence of transfusing type B blood into a type A recipient?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor RBCs due to anti-B antibodies in the recipient.

Question 7

Which step in hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 8

A patient with thrombocytopenia is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Petechiae and spontaneous bleeding from small vessels

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are unable to divide or synthesize proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are anucleate and lack most organelles.

Question 10

A mother is Rh-negative and her first child is Rh-positive. What is the risk in subsequent pregnancies if no intervention is given?

Accepted Answer

The mother may produce anti-Rh antibodies that attack fetal RBCs, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 11

Which of the following white blood cells is most numerous and functions as a phagocyte at sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the production of platelets from megakaryocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thrombopoietin

Question 13

A patient with sickle cell anemia has abnormally shaped hemoglobin. What is the structural consequence at the protein level?

Accepted Answer

Altered quaternary structure affecting oxygen binding

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the calculation for blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[	ext{H}^+]$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Killing parasitic worms and involvement in allergy attacks

Question 17

A blood sample is mixed with anti-A and anti-B serum. Agglutination occurs with both. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type AB

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

They release erythropoietin in response to low blood oxygen levels.

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a transfusion reaction involving incompatible blood types?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin released from lysed RBCs may block kidney tubules, causing kidney failure

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains living cells suspended in a nonliving matrix (plasma).

Blood: Structure, Function, and Components (Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 10 Study Notes)

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