Question 1

Which of the following best describes the major functions of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood regulates pH, restricts fluid loss, defends against toxins, and stabilizes body temperature.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining plasma osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A blood sample is separated by fractionation. Which component will make up the largest percentage of the formed elements?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Question 5

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains, each with a heme group that binds oxygen reversibly.

Question 6

A patient with jaundice is likely experiencing a buildup of which substance due to abnormal hemoglobin recycling?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 8

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type AB, A, B, and O

Question 9

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for releasing histamine and heparin to enhance local inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 10

A patient develops hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which maternal-fetal blood type combination is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mother Rh-, fetus Rh+

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the maturation of a red blood cell during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Proerythroblast → erythroblast → normoblast → reticulocyte → mature RBC

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during the common pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} + \mathrm{Prothrombin\ Activator} \rightarrow \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of platelets during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Release chemicals important for clotting, patch damaged vessel walls, and reduce the size of breaks in vessel walls.

Question 14

A patient with a low platelet count is diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. Which clinical consequence is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of excessive bleeding

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It begins with activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen at the injury site.

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the final step in fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Plasminogen} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Thrombin\ and\ t-PA}} \mathrm{Plasmin}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

CSFs regulate the production of specific WBC populations such as granulocytes and monocytes.

Question 18

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but has type A blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A cross-reaction will occur, causing agglutination and hemolysis of the donor RBCs.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of T cell production during development?

Accepted Answer

T cell production is regulated by hormones from the thymus during childhood and puberty.

Blood: Structure, Function, and Components (Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 19 Study Notes)

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