$$\text{Prothrombin} + \text{Prothrombin Activator} \rightarrow \text{Thrombin}$$

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of erythrocytes in human blood?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 30%. What does this indicate about their blood composition?

Accepted Answer

Their blood contains 30% erythrocytes and 70% plasma and buffy coat.

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person living at high altitude develops polycythemia. What is the physiological reason for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen levels stimulate erythropoietin, increasing RBC production.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 6

A patient with thrombocytopenia is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding and petechiae

Question 7

Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in human blood and acts as a phagocyte at sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type A, B, AB, and O

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombin} + 	ext{Prothrombin Activator} ightarrow 	ext{Thrombin}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why hemoglobin is unable to bind oxygen when denatured?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts the quaternary structure required for oxygen binding.

Question 11

A mother is Rh-negative and her first child is Rh-positive. What is the risk in subsequent pregnancies if no intervention is taken?

Accepted Answer

The child may develop hemolytic disease of the newborn due to maternal antibodies.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Carrying oxygen via hemoglobin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism regulating erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Low blood oxygen stimulates erythropoietin release, increasing RBC production.

Question 14

Which of the following blood disorders is characterized by the production of abnormally shaped hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes (hematocrit)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about leukocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes can move out of blood vessels by diapedesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a granulocyte that plays a role in allergy attacks and killing parasitic worms?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 18

A blood sample agglutinates with anti-A and anti-B serum but not with anti-Rh serum. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

AB-

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the formation of a fibrin clot during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{Thrombin}} 	ext{Fibrin}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a transfusion reaction involving mismatched blood?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin released from lysed RBCs may block kidney tubules, causing kidney failure

Blood: Structure, Function, and Composition (Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 10 Study Notes)

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