Question 1

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle and is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 2

What is the primary function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and higher pressure than veins

Question 4

A patient presents with a bulge in an arterial wall due to a weak spot in elastic fibers. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Aneurysm

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between blood flow ($$F$$), pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \Delta P / R$$

Question 6

Which type of capillary is found in the liver and allows free exchange of water and large plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal (sinusoid) capillary

Question 7

What is the main effect of vasoconstriction in arteries?

Accepted Answer

Increases peripheral blood pressure

Question 8

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 9

What is the formula for net filtration pressure ($$NFP) at $$the capillary level?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (CHP - IHP) - (BCOP - ICOP)$$

Question 10

During heavy exercise, which of the following occurs in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow is redirected to skeletal muscles, lungs, and heart

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low oxygen content and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 12

Which of the following is a short-term response to hemorrhaging?

Accepted Answer

Carotid and aortic reflexes increase cardiac output and cause peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 13

Which vessel is responsible for carrying blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Question 14

What is the effect of aging on the elasticity of arteries?

Accepted Answer

Arteries become less elastic

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the vasa vasorum?

Accepted Answer

Serve cells of tunica media and tunica externa in large vessels

Question 16

Which of the following is a local vasodilator that increases blood flow in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 17

Which structure in fetal circulation allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Ductus arteriosus

Question 18

What is the main function of venous valves?

Accepted Answer

Prevent blood from flowing backward

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Bainbridge reflex?

Accepted Answer

Responds to stretching of the walls of the right atrium

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of a patent ductus arteriosus in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

Blood is shunted from pulmonary circuit to systemic circuit, causing cyanosis

Blood Vessels and Circulation: Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica