Q: A 70 kg male has 14 L of extracellular fluid (ECF). According to the study materials, what percentage of his total body water does this represent?

$$\frac{14}{42} \times 100\% = 33.3\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 2

A 70 kg male has a total body water (TBW) of 42 L. According to the study materials, how much of this water is typically found in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment?

Accepted Answer

$$28\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostatic control?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to increase body temperature when exposed to cold.

Question 4

If a patient is suffering from hyperthermia, which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Their body temperature is above normal.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of effectors in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

They elicit a response to restore the regulated variable to its set point.

Question 6

A 70 kg male has 14 L of extracellular fluid (ECF). According to the study materials, what percentage of his total body water does this represent?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{14}{42} 	imes 100\% = 33.3\%$$

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a negative feedback loop regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Receptor senses stimulus → Integrating center processes information → Effector elicits response → Variable returns to set point

Question 8

Which of the following terms is correctly matched with its meaning and example?

Accepted Answer

'thermo' – heat – thermos

Question 9

A patient is experiencing heat stroke. Which of the following physiological changes is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

No sweating, flushed and dry skin, and reduced blood pressure.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why homeostasis requires a constant input of energy?

Accepted Answer

Because maintaining order in biological systems opposes the tendency toward disorder described by chaos theory.

Question 11

If the set point for blood glucose is $$5.0\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$ and a patient's measured value is $$7.0\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$, what is the error signal?

Accepted Answer

$$2.0\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

Antibody

Question 13

A patient with anemia is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A condition of the blood, often involving reduced red blood cell count or hemoglobin.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of a receptor in a homeostatic system?

Accepted Answer

To detect changes in the regulated variable and send information to the integrating center.

Question 15

If a 70 kg male has 3 L of plasma, what percentage of his total body water does this represent?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{42} 	imes 100\% = 7.1\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates positive feedback?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting, where each step accelerates the next until the clot is formed.

Question 17

During heat exhaustion, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Sweating continues, blood volume is reduced, and dizziness or fainting may occur.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is the fluid component of blood, while ISF is the fluid surrounding tissue cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a person with heat stroke stops sweating?

Accepted Answer

The body has lost so much fluid that it can no longer produce sweat, leading to a dangerous rise in temperature.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the integrating center in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

It orchestrates the appropriate response by processing information from receptors and sending signals to effectors.

Body Fluid Compartments and Homeostasis: Foundations of Physiology

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