Q: Which equation correctly calculates the volume of intracellular fluid (ICF) in a 60 kg adult?

$$\mathrm{ICF} = 0.4 \times \text{body weight}$$

Q: Which formula would you use to calculate the interstitial fluid volume if you know the extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume?

$$\text{Interstitial fluid} = \text{ECF} - \text{Plasma}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the context of body fluids and electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

The dynamic equilibrium of water and solute concentrations within body fluid compartments.

Question 2

A patient weighs 70 kg. Using the formula $$\mathrm{TBW} = 0.6 	imes 	ext{body weight}$$, what is the patient’s total body water (TBW) in liters?

Accepted Answer

$$42\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 3

Which compartment contains the largest proportion of total body water?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid

Question 4

If a person loses 1.5 L of water per day through urine and 0.9 L through insensible loss, but gains 2.2 L from food/drink and 0.3 L from metabolism, what is their net water balance?

Accepted Answer

$$0\ \mathrm{L} ($$balanced)

Question 5

Which of the following substances is primarily restricted to the plasma compartment due to its size?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 6

A patient receives an intravenous infusion of isotonic saline. Which fluid compartment will show the greatest initial increase in volume?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid

Question 7

Which equation correctly calculates the volume of intracellular fluid (ICF) in a 60 kg adult?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ICF} = 0.4 	imes 	ext{body weight}$$

Question 8

Which mechanism is responsible for the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to solute concentration differences?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell due to water influx.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes bulk flow in capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes together due to pressure differences.

Question 11

Given that extracellular fluid (ECF) is 1/3 of total body water and plasma is 1/4 of ECF, what fraction of total body water is plasma?

Accepted Answer

$$\dfrac{1}{12}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of diffusion in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Movement of oxygen from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries.

Question 13

If a patient’s plasma volume is measured at 3.5 L and their total extracellular fluid volume is 14 L, what percentage of the ECF is plasma?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely increase capillary filtration?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

A patient with severe diarrhea loses significant water and electrolytes. Which compartment is affected first?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of NaCl in body fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

NaCl is distributed throughout the extracellular fluid but not the intracellular fluid.

Question 17

Which formula would you use to calculate the interstitial fluid volume if you know the extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Interstitial fluid} = 	ext{ECF} - 	ext{Plasma}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why albumin remains primarily in the plasma compartment?

Accepted Answer

Albumin is a large protein that cannot cross the capillary endothelium easily.

Question 19

A patient is given a hypertonic saline solution intravenously. What is the expected effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water leaving the cell.

Question 20

Which process is most responsible for the movement of water from plasma into the interstitial fluid at the arterial end of a capillary?

Accepted Answer

Bulk flow due to hydrostatic pressure

Body Fluids, Electrolytes, and Homeostasis: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard