Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

Bones are classified by shape. Which type of bone is characterized by being thin and broad, such as the sternum and ribs?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 3

Which structure is unique to long bones and contains yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 4

Red bone marrow is primarily responsible for which function?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the inorganic component of the bone extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals $$\mathrm{Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2}$$

Question 6

Osteoclasts are specialized bone cells that:

Accepted Answer

Dissolve bone tissue during resorption

Question 7

Which of the following statements about compact bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is organized into osteons with concentric lamellae

Question 8

During intramembranous ossification, which type of bone is primarily formed?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones of the skull and clavicle

Question 9

Endochondral ossification begins with which starting material?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage model

Question 10

Which hormone accelerates the closure of the epiphyseal plate during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 11

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to:

Accepted Answer

Inadequate inorganic matrix, especially calcium and phosphate

Question 12

Which process increases the width of bones during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts deposit bone collar, chondrocytes die, primary ossification center forms

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary (woven) bone and secondary (lamellar) bone?

Accepted Answer

Secondary bone has fully formed lamellae and a higher percentage of inorganic matrix

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of osteoporosis

Question 16

Which bone cell type is responsible for secreting collagen and becoming trapped in the bone matrix as it mineralizes?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 17

A child’s X-ray shows a visible epiphyseal plate in the long bones. What does this indicate about the child’s bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal growth is still occurring

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of trabeculae and receives blood supply from compact bone vessels

Question 19

Which equation best represents the mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2}$$

Question 20

Why is bone continuously remodeled throughout life?

Accepted Answer

To adapt to sustained tension and stresses, repair damage, and maintain calcium homeostasis

Bone Structure and Function: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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