Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with brittle bones that fracture easily. Genetic testing reveals a defect in collagen production. Which bone disorder is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for maintaining the bone matrix and is found within lacunae?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 4

Compact bone is organized into structural units called:

Accepted Answer

Osteons

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Mineralized crystals (calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite) and collagen fibers

Question 6

A long bone such as the femur contains which of the following regions?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis

Question 7

Which equation best represents the chemical composition of hydroxyapatite, the major mineral in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 8

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 9

A child with sclerosteosis would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excessive bone growth and increased bone density

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone consists of a network of trabeculae

Question 11

Which surface covering surrounds the outer surface of bone and contains blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 12

During bone growth and repair, which cell type differentiates into osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 13

Which of the following is a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone

Question 14

A fracture that occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone affects which part of the bone?

Accepted Answer

The shaft

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why bones are both strong and flexible?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain mineralized crystals for strength and collagen fibers for flexibility

Question 16

Which of the following structures allows osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients within compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in calcium phosphate would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weak bones prone to fractures

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between bone mass ($$BM$$), mineral content ($$MC$$), and collagen content ($$CC) in a $$simplified model?

Accepted Answer

$$BM = MC + CC$$

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the coordinated function of compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

The femur resists compression during running due to compact bone, while spongy bone in the epiphysis absorbs shock

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

It is found within the spaces of spongy bone and is responsible for producing blood cells

Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Cellular Composition

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