$$\text{Bone Matrix} = \frac{2}{3} \text{Calcium Phosphate} + \frac{1}{3} \text{Collagen Fibers}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of a flat bone such as the parietal bone?

Accepted Answer

A core of spongy bone (diploë) sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, what is the primary role of the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

To separate the diaphysis from the epiphysis and allow for bone lengthening

Question 6

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A 60-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains her increased risk for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sex hormone levels leading to increased osteoclast activity

Question 8

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity – projection for tendon or ligament attachment

Question 9

A child with vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs. Which condition does this describe, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Rickets due to poor mineralization of bone matrix

Question 10

Which equation best represents the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Matrix} = \frac{2}{3} 	ext{Calcium Phosphate} + \frac{1}{3} 	ext{Collagen Fibers}$$

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in rapid loss of bone mass?

Accepted Answer

An elderly patient who is bedridden for several months

Question 12

Which type of bone growth is responsible for the increase in the diameter of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 13

A patient suffers a fracture that does not break the skin and is completely internal. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

It is a continuous process involving osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → Callus formation → Spongy bone formation → Compact bone formation

Question 16

Which of the following nutrients is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found in the epiphyses of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It makes the bone lighter and can withstand stress from multiple directions

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix

Question 19

A patient with Marfan syndrome is likely to have which of the following skeletal features?

Accepted Answer

Long, slender limbs due to excessive cartilage formation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys

Bones and Bone Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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