Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for metabolism

Question 2

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow in the pelvic bones, vertebrae, and sternum

Question 3

Which type of bone is described as thin and broad, and includes most skull bones and bones of the pelvis?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 4

A patient with leukemia is scheduled for a bone marrow transplant. Which bone is most commonly used for marrow harvest?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic bone

Question 5

Which component of the bone matrix is primarily responsible for resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals in the inorganic matrix

Question 6

What is the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Break down bone ECM by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes

Question 7

Which process describes the formation of bone on a model made of embryonic connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 8

During endochondral ossification, what is the first step after the chondroblasts in the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts build the bone collar on the bone’s external surface

Question 9

Which hormone increases mitosis at the epiphyseal plate and accelerates closure of the plate during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 10

A child presents with bowed legs and frequent fractures. Blood tests reveal low vitamin D. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 11

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is characterized by actively dividing chondrocytes in lacunae?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 12

What is the main difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification regarding the order of bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification forms compact bone first, then spongy bone

Question 13

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely increase bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Application of continuous downward pressure

Question 15

A patient with acromegaly has excess growth hormone after closure of the epiphyseal plates. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged bones of the skull, face, hands, and feet

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of osteopetrosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone mass but weak and brittle bones

Question 17

Which vitamin is required for osteocalcin to bind calcium ions and promote osteoblast proliferation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 18

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by osteoblasts laying down new circumferential lamellae

Question 19

Which hormone stimulates effects that increase blood calcium levels when they fall below normal?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 20

During fracture repair, what is the role of fibroblasts and chondroblasts in the hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Form a soft callus of dense irregular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure and Functions of the Skeletal System

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