Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the patella. Based on bone classification, which type of bone is the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which structure anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Perforating fibers

Question 4

In adults, red bone marrow is primarily found in which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyses of femur and humerus, and flat bones such as the pelvis and sternum

Question 5

The inorganic matrix of bone is primarily composed of which mineral crystals?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite $$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 6

Which protein fiber is most abundant in the organic matrix of bone and is responsible for resisting tensile and torsional forces?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 7

A patient with osteoporosis is experiencing increased bone resorption. Which cell type is primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lamellae in an osteon of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Layered rings with collagen fibers running in opposite directions

Question 9

During intramembranous ossification, which cell type differentiates first from mesenchymal cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 10

Endochondral ossification is responsible for the formation of most bones in the body. What is the starting material for this process?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 11

Longitudinal growth of long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. Which zone is responsible for actively dividing chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 12

Appositional growth increases the width of bones. Which cells are responsible for laying down new bone during this process?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 13

A 14-year-old male is experiencing rapid growth in height. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating both longitudinal and appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood calcium levels and stimulates osteoclast activity to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

A patient has elevated blood calcium levels. Which hormone is secreted to lower these levels, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates bone deposition

Question 16

Which vitamin is essential for calcium ion absorption from the gut and thus critical for bone health?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 17

A compound fracture is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin

Question 18

During bone repair, what is the sequence of events following a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → bone callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 19

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 20

If a patient has a deficiency in dietary protein, which aspect of bone matrix synthesis will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of collagen fibers in the organic matrix

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard