Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells through hematopoiesis

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in osteoclast function is most likely to develop which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Osteopetrosis

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the main inorganic component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3OH$

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Chondroblasts differentiate into osteoblasts, bone collar forms, cartilage calcifies, primary ossification center develops

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A 14-year-old boy has not yet experienced closure of his epiphyseal plates. Which hormone is most likely to accelerate this process?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why bones become brittle in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate inorganic matrix, especially hydroxyapatite

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of osteocalcin in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It binds to calcium ions and hydroxyapatite crystals to organize the inorganic matrix

Question 9

A patient with a vitamin D deficiency is most likely to experience which of the following effects on bone?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mineralization leading to rickets or osteomalacia

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts lay down new bone at the periosteum, increasing bone width

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 12

A fracture that breaks the skin and damages surrounding tissue is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Compound (open) fracture

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the difference between primary (woven) bone and secondary (lamellar) bone?

Accepted Answer

Primary bone has irregular collagen bundles and less inorganic matrix, while secondary bone has organized lamellae and more inorganic matrix

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow communication between osteocytes

Question 15

A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with achondroplasia. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal growth factor receptor on cartilage, reducing endochondral ossification

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Bone deposition is stimulated by tension and compression, while pressure stimulates bone resorption

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of events in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms, soft callus forms, bone callus forms, bone is remodeled

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a dense irregular connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bone and contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a diet excessively high in protein may negatively affect bone health?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood pH, causing calcium and phosphate ions to be resorbed from bone to buffer the pH

Question 20

Which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Growth

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