Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone consists of a network of trabeculae.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the femur. Which process is most directly responsible for the healing of this bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the chemical composition of hydroxyapatite, the primary inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following joints is classified as a synarthrosis?

Accepted Answer

Suture between skull bones

Question 5

A football player suffers a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which joint is affected and what is the primary movement allowed at this joint?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint; flexion and extension

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a fibrous joint and a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, while synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity.

Question 7

Which movement is NOT allowed by the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with osteoarthritis in the knee. Which of the following best describes the pathological change in the joint?

Accepted Answer

Degeneration of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs

Question 9

Which ligament is most commonly injured in an ankle sprain?

Accepted Answer

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the joint type with its movement?

Accepted Answer

Pivot joint – rotation

Question 11

A gymnast performs a split, which involves which movement at the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 12

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 13

Which equation best represents the calculation of bone mineral density (BMD) using mass and volume?

Accepted Answer

$$BMD = \frac{mass}{volume}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of bone that directly contributes to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Storing calcium and phosphate ions

Question 15

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture

Question 16

Which movement is allowed at the atlantoaxial joint?

Accepted Answer

Rotation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes appositional growth of bone?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter by addition of new bone tissue at the surface

Question 18

Which of the following is a biaxial synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Saddle joint

Question 19

A patient with gout experiences pain in the big toe due to deposition of which substance in the joint?

Accepted Answer

Uric acid crystals

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the mechanical stress ($$\sigma) on a $$bone given force ($$F) $$and cross-sectional area ($$A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = \frac{F}{A}$$

Bones and Joints: Structure, Function, and Classification

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