Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as insulin

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

A patient presents with brittle bones due to a lack of mineralization. Which bone matrix component is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which structure allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves through compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 6

A child with vitamin D deficiency is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Contains trabeculae that align along lines of stress

Question 9

During bone repair, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus → bony callus → bone remodeling

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} \uparrow \implies$$ increased calcitonin secretion $$\implies$$ decreased osteoclast activity

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to bone fractures?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption outpaces bone deposition with age

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Elastin fibers

Question 13

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for detecting mechanical stress and signaling bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 14

A patient has a tumor that increases PTH secretion. What is the most likely effect on their bones?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption and decreased bone density

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

A double-layered membrane covering the outer surface of bone

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of longitudinal bone growth during childhood

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons; spongy bone contains trabeculae

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

Accepted Answer

$$Axial\ skeleton\ bones + Appendicular\ skeleton\ bones = 206$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone type and example?

Accepted Answer

Short bone – carpal

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

Bones and Skeletal Tissue: Structure, Function, and Development

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