Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and provides support, flexibility, and resilience?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

What is the primary function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It resists outward expansion and delivers nutrients to cartilage.

Question 3

Which process describes the growth of cartilage by adding new matrix on the surface?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Production of synovial fluid

Question 5

A patient presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 7

What is the structural unit of compact bone that acts as a tiny weight-bearing pillar?

Accepted Answer

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 8

Which hormone is most important for stimulating epiphyseal plate activity during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 9

During bone fracture repair, what is the correct sequence of healing stages?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

Question 10

Which equation best represents the normal range of blood calcium maintained by hormones?

Accepted Answer

$$9 \leq [Ca$$^{2+}$$] \leq 11\ \mathrm{mg/dl}$$

Question 11

Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption, resulting in a high ratio of spongy to compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Paget's disease

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

They act as stress or strain sensors and maintain bone matrix.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the skeleton by replacing hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 14

A patient with sustained high blood calcium levels is at risk for which complication?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones

Question 15

Which bone marking category is primarily involved in the attachment of muscles and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Projections

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bone is half as strong as steel in resisting compression but as strong as steel in resisting tension?

Accepted Answer

Bone contains hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibers.

Question 17

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 18

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 19

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for rapid cell division and lengthening of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a deficiency in vitamin D during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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