$$\text{Mineral salts} = 65\% \times \text{Total bone mass}$$

$$\text{Bone strength} \propto \text{Collagen fiber content}$$

Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human skeleton and provides support, flexibility, and resilience?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with a torn meniscus in the knee. Which type of cartilage is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Question 4

During bone growth, which process involves chondroblasts in the perichondrium adding new matrix to the outside of existing cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 5

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from white blood cell lineage?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 6

A long bone consists of a shaft and two ends. What is the name of the shaft?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 7

Which structure in compact bone acts as a weight-bearing pillar and consists of several rings of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 8

Which membrane covers the external surface of compact bone (except at joints) and contains osteogenic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 9

Red marrow in adults is primarily found in which locations?

Accepted Answer

Heads of femur and humerus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of bone that provides hardness and resistance to compression?

Accepted Answer

Mineral salts (mainly calcium phosphate crystals)

Question 11

A patient with osteoporosis has decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures. Which component of bone is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Mineral salts (inorganic component)

Question 12

Which equation best represents the percentage of bone mass made up by mineral salts?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mineral salts} = 65\% 	imes 	ext{Total bone mass}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the differentiation of bone cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cell → Osteoblast → Osteocyte

Question 14

Which type of bone is classified as thin, flat, and slightly curved, and includes the sternum and most skull bones?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Question 15

Which of the following structures allows for communication between osteocytes and the relay of nutrients and wastes?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 16

A fracture occurs at the epiphyseal plate in a child. What is the clinical significance of this location?

Accepted Answer

It may affect future bone growth

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring and maintaining mineralized bone matrix

Question 18

Which equation best describes the relationship between bone strength and the presence of collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone strength} \propto 	ext{Collagen fiber content}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring point for tendons and ligaments

Question 20

Which type of bone marking is an outward bulge of bone and serves as a site for muscle, ligament, or tendon attachment?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Composition

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica