Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling, and what hormone primarily stimulates their activity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix; stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Question 2

A 10-year-old child presents with bowed legs and bone pain. Laboratory tests reveal low vitamin D levels. Which bone disorder is most likely, and what is the underlying defect?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; inadequate deposition of calcium salts in growing bones.

Question 3

During endochondral ossification, which of the following events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a bone collar around the diaphysis of the cartilage model.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass, bone deposition, and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$Bone\ mass = Bone\ deposition - Bone\ resorption$$

Question 5

A patient with a parathyroid tumor has persistently elevated blood calcium levels. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Formation of kidney stones due to calcium salt deposition.

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for secreting the organic component of bone matrix, and what is the main protein in this matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts; collagen.

Question 7

According to Wolff's law, which of the following scenarios would most likely result in increased bone thickness at a specific site?

Accepted Answer

A weightlifter who repeatedly stresses the humerus during training.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the osteon in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

A cylindrical unit containing concentric lamellae that resists torsion and compression.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the distribution of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

It is most active in the diploë of flat bones and some irregular bones.

Question 10

A 65-year-old woman presents with a vertebral compression fracture. She has a history of menopause and low physical activity. Which bone disorder is most likely, and what is a key risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis; decreased estrogen levels.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the diaphysis of a long bone is thickest at the midpoint?

Accepted Answer

It is where bending and torsional stresses are greatest, according to Wolff's law.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the type of cartilage with its location and function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; intervertebral discs; resists compression.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth adds new matrix to the surface; interstitial growth expands cartilage from within.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about bone composition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic components include osteoid and cells; inorganic components include hydroxyapatite.

Question 16

A 17-year-old male is still growing in height. Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the rapid division of chondrocytes that pushes the epiphysis away from the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why vitamin D is essential for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It is required for intestinal absorption of calcium.

Question 18

Which of the following types of bone fracture is most likely in a child and is characterized by an incomplete break?

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fracture

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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