$$\text{Inorganic Matrix} = \frac{65}{100} \times \text{Total Bone Weight}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Storage of adipocytes for fat storage

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and pain. Laboratory tests reveal low calcium and vitamin D levels. Which bone disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting osteoclasts and increasing calcium deposition in bones?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 4

What is the primary structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is hard and dense, while spongy bone has a honeycomb framework

Question 5

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 6

A 65-year-old woman presents with a hip fracture. Her bone density scan shows porous bones. Which process is most likely increased in her bones?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption by osteoclasts

Question 7

Which part of a long bone contains the red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Question 8

Which equation best represents the percentage of inorganic matrix in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Inorganic Matrix} = \frac{65}{100} 	imes 	ext{Total Bone Weight}$$

Question 9

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 10

A child with decreased endochondral ossification and an average height of 4 ft is most likely diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia

Question 11

Which structure allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the diaphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient foramen

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of estrogen in bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It closes epiphyseal plates by ages 14-15

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Maintain bone and reside in lacunae

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone type and example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – rib cage

Question 15

Which process is described by the equation below?
$$	ext{Osteoblast Activity} \u003e 	ext{Osteoclast Activity}$$

Accepted Answer

Bone deposit

Question 16

A patient with Paget's disease will most likely have which of the following bone characteristics?

Accepted Answer

High ratio of spongy bone to compact bone

Question 17

Which of the following is a major component of the organic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 18

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 19

Which hormone targets the epiphyseal plates during growth and can cause acromegaly if secreted abnormally in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-layered membrane with nerves and blood vessels covering the bone

Bones: Structure, Function, Classification, and Hormonal Regulation

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