Question 1

During the cardiac cycle, which phase is associated with ventricular contraction and ejection of blood into the arteries?

Accepted Answer

Systole

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why diastolic blood pressure does NOT change during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral runoff maintains pressure by moving blood from arteries to veins

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of angina. Which phase of the cardiac cycle is most likely affected if myocardial oxygen supply is compromised?

Accepted Answer

Diastole

Question 4

Which structure in the heart is responsible for delaying the electrical signal before it passes to the ventricles, allowing for proper atrial contraction?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 5

What is the correct formula for calculating blood pressure using cardiac output and peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms helps increase venous return during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Muscle pump compressing veins

Question 7

A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is at risk for sudden cardiac death due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal movement of electrical signals through the myocardium

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the time spent in systole and diastole during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Time in diastole decreases, but systole remains relatively unchanged

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents Poiseuille’s Law for blood flow?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{(P_1$ - P_2$) \pi r^4$}{8 \eta l}$$

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely increase stroke volume during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased contractility of cardiac muscle

Question 11

If a person’s heart rate increases but stroke volume remains constant, what happens to cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

It increases

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased sympathetic nervous system activity on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased contractility

Question 13

During the cardiac cycle, which event is NOT visible on a standard ECG tracing?

Accepted Answer

Atrial repolarization

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely result in a decrease in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cardiac output

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The force of contraction increases with increased muscle fiber length

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of chronic endurance training on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased end-diastolic volume

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding heart rate variability (HRV)?

Accepted Answer

High HRV is associated with better adaptability and cardiovascular health

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely increase blood flow according to Poiseuille’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Increasing pressure difference across the vessel

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely occur if the ventricular filling time is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Decreased stroke volume

Cardiovascular Physiology: Cardiac Cycle, Blood Pressure, and Regulation

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