Q: Calculate the cardiac output for an athlete with a stroke volume of 90 mL/beat and a heart rate of 80 beats/min. Use the formula $$CO = HR \times SV.$$

$$CO = 90 \times 80 = 7200 mL/$$min

Q: If a person’s heart rate is 75 beats/min and their stroke volume is 70 mL/beat, what is their cardiac output? Use $$CO = HR \times SV.$$

$$CO = 75 \times 70 = 5250 mL/$$min

Question 1

Which layer of the heart wall is primarily responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

A patient presents with a sustained blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg. Which term best describes this condition, and what is a potential consequence if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension; increased strain on the cardiovascular system

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the atria in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They receive blood under low pressure from veins and assist in filling the ventricles.

Question 4

Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 5

Calculate the cardiac output for an athlete with a stroke volume of 90 mL/beat and a heart rate of 80 beats/min. Use the formula $$CO = HR 	imes SV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 90 	imes 80 = 7200 mL/$$min

Question 6

Which of the following statements about arteries is correct?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and have thick walls due to high pressure.

Question 7

If the sympathetic nervous system is activated, what is the expected effect on blood pressure and why?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure increases due to vasoconstriction.

Question 8

Which formula correctly relates blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 9

During exercise, which of the following changes is most likely to occur in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume increases and heart rate increases.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body through the systemic circuit, requiring higher pressure.

Question 11

A patient is experiencing acute hypotension. Which of the following is a potential risk associated with this condition?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory shock

Question 12

Which of the following factors would most likely increase stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Increased contractility of cardiac muscle

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary site for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 14

If a person’s heart rate is 75 beats/min and their stroke volume is 70 mL/beat, what is their cardiac output? Use $$CO = HR 	imes SV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 75 	imes 70 = 5250 mL/$$min

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for metabolism

Question 17

Which of the following statements about veins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Veins have valves to prevent backflow and carry blood toward the heart.

Question 18

A sudden increase in body temperature is most likely to have which effect on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Increase heart rate

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the baroreflex mechanism in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

It regulates blood pressure by adjusting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in response to changes detected by baroreceptors.

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely occur if blood pressure drops significantly below normal?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system is activated, causing vasoconstriction and increased heart rate.

Cardiovascular Physiology: Structure and Function of the Heart and Blood Vessels

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