Q: A patient with bradycardia has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. If their stroke volume is 70 mL, what is their cardiac output?

$$CO = 50 \times 70 = 3500\ \text{mL/min}$$

Question 1

A patient presents with swelling in the lower extremities due to poor venous return. Which structure in the heart is most directly responsible for receiving this deoxygenated blood from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 2

During vigorous exercise, the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and stroke volume. Which equation best represents cardiac output under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 3

A patient has a heart murmur due to a faulty valve that allows blood to flow backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium. Which valve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

Question 5

A patient’s ECG shows a prolonged QRS complex. What does this indicate about the heart’s electrical activity?

Accepted Answer

Delayed ventricular depolarization

Question 6

If the diameter of a blood vessel decreases, what happens to resistance and blood pressure according to Poiseuille’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Resistance increases; blood pressure increases

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by the heart to regulate blood volume and pressure by promoting sodium excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of cholesterol into the arterial wall?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Receive blood from arteries

Question 10

A patient stands up quickly and feels dizzy due to a sudden drop in blood pressure. Which receptors in the carotid arteries detect this change?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors

Question 11

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 12

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly calculates mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the systemic circuit starting from the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → vein

Question 15

Which process allows water and dissolved nutrients to move out of the arterial end of a capillary?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 16

A patient with bradycardia has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. If their stroke volume is 70 mL, what is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 50 	imes 70 = 3500\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely increase peripheral resistance and thus raise blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true about arteries?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood toward the heart

Question 19

Which of the following is the muscular layer of a blood vessel responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 20

A patient with chronic hypertension is prescribed a medication that blocks aldosterone. What effect will this have on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure

Cardiovascular System: Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard