Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 2

Blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the heart through which vessel?

Accepted Answer

Inferior vena cava

Question 3

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

What is the main difference between cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells branch and connect via intercalated disks

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

They prevent eversion of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction

Question 6

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular contraction begin?

Accepted Answer

At the end of the QRS complex

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents ejection fraction?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{Stroke\ Volume}{End\ Diastolic\ Volume}$$

Question 8

A patient’s ECG shows a missing P wave but a normal QRS complex and T wave. What is the most likely interpretation?

Accepted Answer

Atrial depolarization is absent

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Increased number of active crossbridges

Question 10

Which of the following is a positive inotropic agent?

Accepted Answer

Digitalis

Question 11

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart’s pacemaker cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of pacemaker depolarization

Question 12

Which segment of the ECG represents the delay at the AV node?

Accepted Answer

PR segment

Question 13

If a patient’s heart rate is calculated by measuring the time between two Q waves on an ECG, which condition is indicated if the interval is shorter than normal?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid electrical communication between cells

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the action potential in cardiac contractile cells?

Accepted Answer

It has a plateau phase due to Ca$$^{2+}$$ influx

Question 16

Which process removes calcium from the cytoplasm of cardiac muscle cells after contraction?

Accepted Answer

Uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum via Ca$$^{2+}$$ ATPase

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result from a malfunctioning aortic valve?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole

Question 18

Which equation best represents the calculation of cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$Cardiac\ Output = Heart\ Rate 	imes Stroke\ Volume$$

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely decrease the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Increased parasympathetic activity

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of catecholamines on cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increased Ca$$^{2+}$$ storage via phospholamban

Cardiovascular System: Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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