Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They are small branches of arteries that regulate blood flow away from the heart to tissues.

Question 2

A patient develops deep vein thrombosis after a long flight. Which physiological mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the calf muscles, which normally act as a 'peripheral heart' to aid venous return.

Question 3

Which blood vessel layer provides structural support and protection to the vessel?

Accepted Answer

Tunica externa (adventitia)

Question 4

Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

High levels of LDL cholesterol and a fat-rich diet

Question 5

What is the primary function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

To provide immune surveillance and activate lymphocytes before lymph rejoins venous blood.

Question 6

Which type of capillary is most permeable, allowing passage of large proteins and cells?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 7

During the process of atherosclerosis, which event occurs after macrophages ingest oxidized LDL?

Accepted Answer

Foam cells accumulate beneath the endothelium, forming a necrotic lipid core.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between blood flow ($$Q$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R) in a $$vessel?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \Delta P / R$$

Question 9

A patient presents with a ruptured aneurysm. Which of the following best explains the underlying pathology?

Accepted Answer

A localized dilation of an artery due to weakening of the vessel wall.

Question 10

Which clotting factor is also known as fibrin-stabilizing factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor XIII

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of HDL cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

HDL transports cholesterol from tissues and arteries to the liver for excretion.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of venous stasis in the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Edema and deep vein thrombosis

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the tunica media of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

It contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers, providing strength and elasticity.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the exchange of fluid, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues at the capillary level?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion across the capillary walls

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in edema?

Accepted Answer

Decreased lymphatic drainage from tissues

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the venous system

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why arteries have thicker walls than veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries must withstand higher pressures generated by ventricular contraction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of clonal expansion in lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Activation and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the path of blood flow through the heart and major vessels?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Activation of factor VII by tissue factor, leading to activation of factor X

P: Cardiovascular System 4

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard