Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To transport nutrients, gases, wastes, and hormones throughout the body

Question 2

Blood flows from the left ventricle into which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Question 3

According to the physics of fluid flow, what happens to blood flow velocity when the radius of a blood vessel is halved, assuming all other factors remain constant?

Accepted Answer

Velocity increases by a factor of 4

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between flow ($$Q$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R) in $$the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 5

A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL per beat. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$5600\ \mathrm{mL/min}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why arteries have thicker walls than veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood at higher pressure than veins

Question 7

During the cardiac cycle, which event is represented by the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 8

Which of the following factors would most likely increase stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Increased preload

Question 9

If end-diastolic volume (EDV) is 120 mL and end-systolic volume (ESV) is 50 mL, what is the stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV = 70\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the skeletal muscle pump in venous return?

Accepted Answer

It compresses veins during muscle contraction, propelling blood toward the heart

Question 11

Which of the following statements about capillaries is correct?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are the primary site for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes

Question 12

A patient’s blood pressure is measured as 120/80 mmHg. What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$MAP = \frac{1}{3}(Systolic - Diastolic) + Diastolic.$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 93\ \mathrm{mmHg}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It delays the electrical signal to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles

Question 14

Which of the following changes would most likely decrease peripheral resistance and increase blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and major vessels, starting at the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers (preload), the greater the force of contraction

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system closely related to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result from a blockage in the pulmonary artery?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygenation of blood returning to the left atrium

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart

Question 20

A patient is experiencing increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Which of the following changes would you expect in their cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and increased contractility

Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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