Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main structural difference between bone and cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Bone contains nerve fibers while cartilage is devoid of nerve fibers.

Question 2

A patient suffers a knee injury that damages the meniscus. Which type of cartilage is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Which function of bone tissue is directly related to the regulation of blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Mineral storage

Question 4

During bone growth, which process is responsible for the increase in bone length at the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why articular cartilage at the ends of long bones does not heal well after injury?

Accepted Answer

It is avascular and lacks a perichondrium, limiting repair capacity.

Question 6

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 7

A 16-year-old male is still growing in height. Which region of his long bones is responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass and mechanical stress, according to Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$M_{bone} \propto F_{applied}$$

Question 9

Which type of bone is classified as 'irregular' and is primarily composed of spongy bone with a thin covering of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 10

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption outpaces bone formation, making bones porous.

Question 11

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to increase blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of osteons, which are cylindrical structures oriented parallel to the long axis.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the thickening of bones during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of osteocalcin produced by bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Regulates bone mineralization and glucose metabolism

Question 15

Which of the following locations is most likely to contain elastic cartilage?

Accepted Answer

External ear

Question 16

A bone fracture heals through several stages. Which stage involves the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus?

Accepted Answer

Soft callus formation with invasion by blood vessels and collagen fibers

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the epiphyseal plate remains cartilaginous during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of long bones.

Question 18

Which of the following bone markings is described as an indentation at the edge of a structure?

Accepted Answer

Notch

Question 19

Which equation best represents the process of bone remodeling, where bone mass is maintained by the balance of deposition and resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta M_{bone} = D_{deposition} - R_{resorption}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

They are arranged along lines of stress to help resist forces.

Cartilage and Bone Tissues: Structure, Types, and Functions

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